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How the synchronizer works?

The full-synchronous transmission adopts an inertial synchronizer, which is mainly composed of a joint sleeve, a synchronous lock ring, etc.,

The full-synchronous transmission adopts an inertial synchronizer, which is mainly composed of a joint sleeve, a synchronous lock ring, etc., and is characterized by friction to achieve synchronization. The ring sleeve (locking angle) is provided on the ring gear of the engaging sleeve, the synchronizing locking ring and the gear to be engaged, and the inner tapered surface of the synchronous locking ring is in contact with the outer tapered surface of the gear ring to be engaged to generate friction. The locking angle and the taper surface have been properly selected at the time of design. The taper friction causes the toothed sleeve to be meshed to be rapidly synchronized with the ring gear, and at the same time, a locking action is generated to prevent the gear from meshing before synchronization. When the inner tapered surface of the synchronous lock ring is in contact with the outer tapered surface of the gear ring to be engaged, the gear speed rapidly decreases (or rises) under the action of the friction torque to the same speed as the synchronous lock ring, and the two rotate synchronously, and the gear is opposite to the gear. The speed of the synchronizing lock ring is zero, and the moment of inertia also disappears. At this time, under the force of the force, the sleeve is unimpededly engaged with the synchronizing ring ring gear and further engaged with the ring gear of the gear to be engaged. Shift process.
 
The ratio of the number of teeth of the output shaft third gear 6 to the input shaft third gear 2 (z6/z2) is larger than the ratio of the number of teeth of the output shaft fourth gear 5 to the input shaft fourth gear 4 (z5/z4). By the relationship between the rotational speed of the intermeshing transmission gear and the number of teeth (n2/n6=z6/z2, n4/n5=z5/z4), it can be concluded that the ratio of the speed of the gear 2 to the gear 6 (n2/n6) is larger than that of the input shaft. 4 Conclusion of the ratio of the output shaft to the fourth gear 5 speed (n4/n5). The output shaft third gear 6 and the gear 5 have the same rotational speed (n6=n5), so in the transmission process, the gear 2 speed is always higher than the gear 4 speed, that is, n2>n4. When the transmission shifts from the low gear (third gear) to the high gear (fourth gear), the clutch pedal is first stepped on to disengage the clutch, and then the clutch sleeve 3 is moved to the right by the shift lever or the like to enter the neutral position. At the moment when the sleeve 3 and the gear 2 are just separated, the rotational speeds of the two are still equal, that is, n3 = n2. And n2>n4, from which it can be concluded that n3>n4, that is, the rotation speed of the joint sleeve 3 is greater than the rotation speed of the gear 4. At this time, if the joint sleeve 3 is immediately pushed toward the gear ring 4 to engage the ring gear, the toothing phenomenon occurs.
 
At this time, since the transmission is in neutral, there is no connection between the sleeve and the gear, and the clutch disc is disengaged from the engine, so the rotation speeds of the sleeve and the gear are gradually reduced. Because the gear is associated with the gear, the output shaft, the universal joint, the transaxle, the driving system and the entire car, the inertia is large, so the n4 drops slowly; and the clutch sleeve is only connected to the input shaft and the clutch disc. The inertia is small, so n3 drops faster. Since n3 is originally larger than n4, n3 drops faster than n4, so after a while, there will inevitably be n3=n4 (synchronous). Preferably, the sleeve can be moved to the right by the right at n3=n4. The smaller the inertia of a series of parts associated with the sleeve, the faster n3 falls, the less time required to reach synchronization, and the impact force between the teeth is also small in the case of the same speed difference, so the clutch driven part rotates. The inertia should be as small as possible.